Is Fremont, CA tap water safe?
Supplied by Alameda County Water District · serves 344,000 people (86,959 connections) · Surface water · EPA ID CA0110001
Data: U.S. EPA · How we read the data · How we check it
Buys water from City of Milpitas, San Francisco Regional Water System, City of Hayward. Treated water bought from another system can carry that system's contaminants.
Summary
No federal limits exceeded in EPA data.
- PFAS
- Not detectedNone of 29 PFAS found above EPA's reporting limits in 14 samples (2023–2025).
- Lead
- Below action level0 ppb (parts per billion) at the 90th percentile: 9 in 10 homes sampled were at or below it. Action level 15 ppb, falling to 10 ppb in Nov 2027. Monitoring period ending Dec 2024. Your home's pipes can make yours higher.
- Violations
- None health-basedNo health-based violations since 2016.
- Built before 1986, or not sure what your service line is made of? Check your service line and test your tap. Utility data can't show your pipes.
- Tested your own tap? Compare your result with these numbers. Moving? Compare this system with another.
- Read Alameda County Water District's 2026 water quality report (PDF) (Consumer Confidence Report, from the utility). It lists every regulated contaminant tested, including ones not on this page. Questions: (510) 668-4200.
PFAS (“forever chemicals”)
EPA UCMR 5: 4 entry points tested Jan 2024 to Oct 2024. "Average" is the highest entry-point average (non-detects counted as zero), the way EPA compares UCMR 5 results to the limits. ppt = parts per trillion. These results do not determine compliance.
| Contaminant | Highest average |
|---|---|
| PFOA Not detected Limit 4 ppt | – |
| PFOS Not detected Limit 4 ppt | – |
| PFHxS Not detected Limit 10 ppt | – |
| PFNA Not detected Limit 10 ppt | – |
| HFPO-DA (GenX) Not detected Limit 10 ppt | – |
| Hazard Index (a combined score for PFHxS, PFNA, GenX and PFBS, where above 1 is over the limit) Not detected Limit 1 | – |
| PFBS Not detected Guideline 2,000 ppt | – |
| PFBA Not detected Guideline 6,000 ppt | – |
| PFHxA Not detected Guideline 3,000 ppt | – |
29 PFAS tested, 0 detected at least once. "Not detected" means below EPA's reporting limit (about 2 to 20 ppt depending on the chemical), not proven zero. PFAS not listed were not detected. The limits for PFHxS, PFNA, GenX and the Hazard Index were proposed for rescission in May 2026. That proposal is not final. Systems have until 2029 to meet the limits.
Lithium
Not detected in 14 samples (reporting limit 9 ppb). About lithium.
Lead and copper
Latest 90th percentile: 0 ppb lead (Jan 2022 – Dec 2024). Below action level
Highest since 2016: 5.7 ppb (Dec 2018).
| Monitoring period | Lead (90th pct.) |
|---|---|
| Jan 2022 – Dec 2024 | 0 ppb |
| Jan 2019 – Dec 2021 | 5.26 ppb |
| Jan 2016 – Dec 2018 | 5.7 ppb |
Earlier results (9)
| Jan 2013 – Dec 2015 | 8.1 ppb |
| Jan 2010 – Dec 2012 | 4.4 ppb |
| Jan 2007 – Dec 2009 | 5.6 ppb |
| Jan 2006 – Dec 2006 | 9.8 ppb |
| Jan 2004 – Dec 2006 | 9.8 ppb |
| Jan 2003 – Dec 2005 | 7.4 ppb |
| Jan 2002 – Dec 2004 | 7 ppb |
| Jan 2003 – Dec 2003 | 14 ppb |
| Jan 2001 – Dec 2003 | 8 ppb |
Copper 90th percentile: 1.6 ppm (Dec 1992), action level 1,300 ppb.
Lead comes from pipes and fixtures, not the source water, so it varies home to home. The 90th percentile means 9 in 10 sampled homes were at or below it. More on lead.
Violations
Health-based violations mean a contaminant exceeded a limit or a required treatment step was missed. Monitoring and reporting violations mean required tests or reports were late or missing, so the water's quality during that time is unknown. The total includes every violation in EPA's records, most of them paperwork.
Earlier EPA testing (2013–2020)
| Contaminant | Highest | Guideline |
|---|---|---|
| Manganese | 8.9 ppb | 300 ppb |
| Vanadium | 4.4 ppb | 21 ppb |
| Strontium | 0.4 ppm | 1.5 ppm |
| Chromium-6 | 0.28 ppb | – |
| Molybdenum | 2.2 ppb | 40 ppb |
| Chlorate | 480 ppb | 210 ppb |
Where it serves
Fremont, Union City, Newark
ZIP codes the system reported serving: 94536, 94537, 94538, 94539, 94544, 94552, 94555, 94560, 94587
Nearby utilities
- City of Milpitas Milpitas · 5 mi
- City of Sunnyvale Sunnyvale · 9 mi
- City of Santa Clara Santa Clara · 9 mi
- City of Mountain View Mountain View · 10 mi
- California Water Service Los Altos Suburban Los Altos · 12 mi
- California Water Service – Livermore Pleasanton · 12 mi · PFAS above limit
Questions
Is Fremont tap water safe to drink?
Most of Fremont gets its water from Alameda County Water District. Alameda County Water District has no health-based violations since 2016. EPA testing found no PFAS above the federal limits. Federal data can't tell you about your own pipes: lead comes from service lines and plumbing, so test your tap if your home was built before 1986. For the official word, read the utility's annual Consumer Confidence Report.
Does Fremont water have PFAS?
EPA tested Alameda County Water District for 29 PFAS between Jan 2024 and Oct 2024 and none were detected above the reporting limits (about 2 to 20 ppt depending on the chemical).
What is the lead level in Fremont water?
The most recent 90th-percentile lead result for Alameda County Water District is 0 ppb, for the period ending Dec 2024. The federal action level is 15 ppb, falling to 10 ppb in November 2027. The 90th percentile means 9 in 10 homes sampled were at or below this number. Individual homes can be higher.
Check these numbers yourself
Every figure on this page comes from public EPA records. You don't have to take our word for it:
- EPA's own report for CA0110001: violations, enforcement and inspections, straight from EPA.
- EPA UCMR 5 data: the PFAS and lithium results (search the file for PWSID CA0110001).
- EPA SDWIS download: the lead results, population and violation records we use.
- Alameda County Water District's 2026 water quality report (PDF): the utility's own annual report, including contaminants EPA's national database doesn't carry (link checked Nov 14, 2026). Phone: (510) 668-4200.
- Alameda County Water District website
Found something that doesn't match? Tell us and we'll check it against EPA's records. How we check our data.
Source: U.S. EPA drinking water records and PFAS testing (UCMR 5). How we read the data.