Brunswick County Water System water quality
Leland, NC · serves 151,357 people (67,270 connections) · Surface water · Local government · EPA ID NC0410045
Data: U.S. EPA · How we read the data · How we check it
Summary
PFAS above the 2024 federal limits. Systems have until 2029 to meet the PFAS limits.
Is it an emergency? No: PFAS limits are about years of exposure, not a glass of water, and nothing in EPA's data calls for you to stop drinking the water today. If your utility ever issues a boil-water or do-not-drink notice, follow it.
- PFAS
- Above limitPFOA, PFOS above the federal limit in EPA's 2023–2025 testing (PFOA 4.95 ppt vs a limit of 4 ppt, PFOS 9.18 ppt vs a limit of 4 ppt, where ppt = parts per trillion).
- Lead
- Below action level0 ppb (parts per billion) at the 90th percentile: 9 in 10 homes sampled were at or below it. Action level 15 ppb, falling to 10 ppb in Nov 2027. Monitoring period ending Dec 2025. Your home's pipes can make yours higher.
- Violations
- Resolved1 health-based violation since 2016, most recently Oct 2016. One required an urgent public notice within 24 hours (the kind behind boil-water notices), most recently Oct 2016. What to do if you get a notice.
- Pregnant, or mixing baby formula with tap water? Babies drink more water for their size, so PFAS exposure matters more for them. Consider bottled water or a filter certified for PFAS for formula, and ask your doctor. Health effects.
- To lower your PFAS exposure now, a home filter certified for PFAS reduction works (reverse osmosis, or activated carbon certified to NSF/ANSI 53 or 58). Filters for these results.
- Built before 1986, or not sure what your service line is made of? Check your service line and test your tap. Utility data can't show your pipes.
- Got a boil-water or do-not-drink notice? What each notice means and what to do.
- Tested your own tap? Compare your result with these numbers. Moving? Compare this system with another.
- Read Brunswick County Water System's annual water quality report (Consumer Confidence Report). It lists every regulated contaminant tested and is usually on the utility's website or mailed with your bill, and you can also request it at (910) 253-2657. EPA: how to find it.
PFAS (“forever chemicals”)
EPA UCMR 5: 2 entry points tested Jan 2023 to Oct 2024. "Average" is the highest entry-point average (non-detects counted as zero), the way EPA compares UCMR 5 results to the limits. ppt = parts per trillion. These results do not determine compliance.
| Contaminant | Highest average |
|---|---|
| PFOA Above limit Limit 4 ppt | 4.95 ppt 1.24× the limit |
| PFOS Above limit Limit 4 ppt | 9.18 ppt 2.29× the limit |
| PFHxS Detected, below limit Limit 10 ppt | 3.17 ppt 32% of the limit |
| PFNA Not detected Limit 10 ppt | – |
| HFPO-DA (GenX) Detected, below limit Limit 10 ppt | 1.45 ppt 14% of the limit |
| Hazard Index (a combined score for PFHxS, PFNA, GenX and PFBS, where above 1 is over the limit) Detected, below limit Limit 1 | 0.46 |
| PFBS Detected, below limit Guideline 2,000 ppt | 4.15 ppt |
| PFBA Detected, below limit Guideline 6,000 ppt | 5.72 ppt |
| PFHxA Detected, below limit Guideline 3,000 ppt | 5.9 ppt |
| PFPeA Detected, no limit | 6.55 ppt |
| PFHpA Detected, no limit | 2.75 ppt |
What the utility says it is doing: Brunswick County says its Northwest Water Treatment Plant expansion, including low-pressure reverse osmosis to remove PFAS, is under construction, with the reverse osmosis system expected to be operational by the end of 2026.
Source: Northwest Water Treatment Plant Expansion and Low-Pressure Reverse Osmosis, 2026-08. Collected by us on Nov 14, 2026, not from EPA's data. Ask the utility for the latest.
For context: the PFOA average is higher than at 85% of the North Carolina systems EPA tested and the PFOS average is higher than at 88% of the North Carolina systems EPA tested.
29 PFAS tested, 9 detected at least once. "Not detected" means below EPA's reporting limit (about 2 to 20 ppt depending on the chemical), not proven zero. PFAS not listed were not detected. The limits for PFHxS, PFNA, GenX and the Hazard Index were proposed for rescission in May 2026. That proposal is not final. Systems have until 2029 to meet the limits.
Lithium
Not detected in 6 samples (reporting limit 9 ppb). About lithium.
Lead and copper
Latest 90th percentile: 0 ppb lead (Jan 2023 – Dec 2025). Below action level
| Monitoring period | Lead (90th pct.) |
|---|---|
| Jan 2023 – Dec 2025 | 0 ppb |
| Jan 2020 – Dec 2022 | 0 ppb |
| Jan 2017 – Dec 2019 | 0 ppb |
Earlier results (9)
| Jan 2014 – Dec 2016 | 0 ppb |
| Jan 2011 – Dec 2013 | 0 ppb |
| Jan 2008 – Jun 2008 | 4 ppb |
| Jul 2007 – Dec 2007 | 5 ppb |
| Jan 2007 – Jun 2007 | 12 ppb |
| Jul 2006 – Dec 2006 | 14 ppb |
| Jan 2006 – Dec 2006 | 13.6 ppb |
| Jan 2006 – Jun 2006 | 29 ppb |
| Jan 2005 – Dec 2005 | 16 ppb |
Lead comes from pipes and fixtures, not the source water, so it varies home to home. The 90th percentile means 9 in 10 sampled homes were at or below it. More on lead.
Violations
| When | What happened |
|---|---|
| Oct 2016 | The water was cloudier than allowed at least once. Cloudiness can shield germs from disinfection. Urgent public notice required What that means EPA record: Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule · Single Turbidity Exceed (Enhanced SWTR) (limit ) Resolved |
Health-based violations mean a contaminant exceeded a limit or a required treatment step was missed. Monitoring and reporting violations mean required tests or reports were late or missing, so the water's quality during that time is unknown. The total includes every violation in EPA's records, most of them paperwork.
Earlier EPA testing (2013–2020)
| Contaminant | Highest | Guideline |
|---|---|---|
| Manganese | 25.3 ppb | 300 ppb |
| Molybdenum | 1.3 ppb | 40 ppb |
| Chlorate | 166 ppb | 210 ppb |
| Vanadium | 0.82 ppb | 21 ppb |
| Chromium-6 | 0.21 ppb | – |
| 1,4-Dioxane | 3.5 ppb | 0.35 ppb |
| Strontium | 0.29 ppm | 1.5 ppm |
Where it serves
ZIP codes the system reported serving: 28401, 28420, 28422, 28451, 28452, 28461, 28462, 28467, 28468, 28469, 28470, 28479
Nearby utilities
- Brunswick Regional Water and Sewer H2go Leland · same area
- CFPUA-Wilmington Wilmington · 8 mi
- Town of Oak Island Oak Island · 21 mi · PFAS above limit
- Town of Holden Beach Holden Beach · 27 mi · PFAS above limit
- Town of Ocean Isle Beach Ocean Isle Beach · 33 mi · PFAS above limit
- Onslow Water and Sewer Authority Jacksonville · 51 mi
Questions
Is Brunswick County Water System water safe to drink?
Brunswick County Water System had 1 health-based violation since 2016, all since resolved. EPA testing found PFAS above the 2024 federal limits, which systems must meet by 2029. Federal data can't tell you about your own pipes: lead comes from service lines and plumbing, so test your tap if your home was built before 1986. For the official word, read the utility's annual Consumer Confidence Report.
Does Brunswick County Water System water have PFAS?
Yes. EPA's 2023–2025 testing of Brunswick County Water System found 9 PFAS at least once. The highest entry-point averages were above the federal limit for PFOA and PFOS: PFOA 4.95 ppt, PFOS 9.18 ppt (limit 4 ppt for PFOA and PFOS, 10 ppt for the others).
What is the lead level in Brunswick County Water System water?
The most recent 90th-percentile lead result for Brunswick County Water System is 0 ppb, for the period ending Dec 2025. The federal action level is 15 ppb, falling to 10 ppb in November 2027. The 90th percentile means 9 in 10 homes sampled were at or below this number. Individual homes can be higher.
Check these numbers yourself
Every figure on this page comes from public EPA records. You don't have to take our word for it:
- EPA's own report for NC0410045: violations, enforcement and inspections, straight from EPA.
- EPA UCMR 5 data: the PFAS and lithium results (search the file for PWSID NC0410045).
- EPA SDWIS download: the lead results, population and violation records we use.
- The utility's annual water quality report (Consumer Confidence Report): ask Brunswick County Water System at (910) 253-2657, or see EPA's guide to finding it.
Found something that doesn't match? Tell us and we'll check it against EPA's records. How we check our data.
Source: U.S. EPA drinking water records and PFAS testing (UCMR 5). How we read the data.