Gallia County Rural Water Association water quality
Rio Grande, OH · serves 20,995 people (9,632 connections) · Groundwater · Private · EPA ID OH2700012
Data: U.S. EPA · How we read the data · How we check it
Summary
PFAS above the 2024 federal limits. Systems have until 2029 to meet the PFAS limits.
Is it an emergency? No: PFAS limits are about years of exposure, not a glass of water, and nothing in EPA's data calls for you to stop drinking the water today. If your utility ever issues a boil-water or do-not-drink notice, follow it.
- PFAS
- Above limitPFOA above the federal limit in EPA's 2023–2025 testing (PFOA 7.5 ppt vs a limit of 4 ppt, where ppt = parts per trillion).
- Lead
- Below action level1.8 ppb (parts per billion) at the 90th percentile: 9 in 10 homes sampled were at or below it. Action level 15 ppb, falling to 10 ppb in Nov 2027. Monitoring period ending Dec 2025. Your home's pipes can make yours higher.
- Violations
- None health-basedNo health-based violations since 2016.
- Pregnant, or mixing baby formula with tap water? Babies drink more water for their size, so PFAS exposure matters more for them. Consider bottled water or a filter certified for PFAS for formula, and ask your doctor. Health effects.
- To lower your PFAS exposure now, a home filter certified for PFAS reduction works (reverse osmosis, or activated carbon certified to NSF/ANSI 53 or 58). Filters for these results.
- Built before 1986, or not sure what your service line is made of? Check your service line and test your tap. Utility data can't show your pipes.
- Tested your own tap? Compare your result with these numbers. Moving? Compare this system with another.
- Read Gallia County Rural Water Association's annual water quality report (Consumer Confidence Report). It lists every regulated contaminant tested and is usually on the utility's website or mailed with your bill, and you can also request it at (740) 446-9221. EPA: how to find it.
PFAS (“forever chemicals”)
EPA UCMR 5: 1 entry point tested Sep 2024 to May 2025. "Average" is the highest entry-point average (non-detects counted as zero), the way EPA compares UCMR 5 results to the limits. ppt = parts per trillion. These results do not determine compliance.
| Contaminant | Highest average |
|---|---|
| PFOA Above limit Limit 4 ppt | 7.5 ppt 1.88× the limit |
| PFOS Not detected Limit 4 ppt | – |
| PFHxS Not detected Limit 10 ppt | – |
| PFNA Not detected Limit 10 ppt | – |
| HFPO-DA (GenX) Not detected Limit 10 ppt | – |
| Hazard Index (a combined score for PFHxS, PFNA, GenX and PFBS, where above 1 is over the limit) Not detected Limit 1 | – |
| PFBS Not detected Guideline 2,000 ppt | – |
| PFBA Not detected Guideline 6,000 ppt | – |
| PFHxA Not detected Guideline 3,000 ppt | – |
For context: the PFOA average is higher than at 98% of the Ohio systems EPA tested.
29 PFAS tested, 1 detected at least once. "Not detected" means below EPA's reporting limit (about 2 to 20 ppt depending on the chemical), not proven zero. PFAS not listed were not detected. The limits for PFHxS, PFNA, GenX and the Hazard Index were proposed for rescission in May 2026. That proposal is not final. Systems have until 2029 to meet the limits.
Lithium
Detected in 1 of 2 samples. Highest result 9.65 ppb. EPA's non-enforceable screening level is 10 ppb. Below screening level The screening level is how EPA decides what to study further, not a health limit. There is no federal limit for lithium and no filter is certified to remove it. About lithium.
Lead and copper
Latest 90th percentile: 1.8 ppb lead (Jan 2025 – Dec 2025). Below action level
2 reported results in EPA's records are far above anything physically plausible (likely a unit or data-entry error) and are not used in the summary.
Highest since 2016: 3.1 ppb (Dec 2021).
| Monitoring period | Lead (90th pct.) |
|---|---|
| Jan 2025 – Dec 2025 | 1.8 ppb |
| Jan 2024 – Dec 2024 | 2.3 ppb |
| Jan 2023 – Dec 2023 | 2.3 ppb |
Earlier results (9)
| Jan 2022 – Dec 2022 | 2.9 ppb |
| Jan 2021 – Dec 2021 | 3.1 ppb |
| Jan 2020 – Dec 2020 | 0 ppb |
| Jan 2019 – Dec 2019 | 0 ppb |
| Jan 2018 – Dec 2018 | 0 ppb |
| Jan 2015 – Dec 2017 | 0 ppb |
| Jan 2012 – Dec 2014 | 5.3 ppb |
| Jan 2009 – Dec 2011 | 9 ppb |
| Jan 2008 – Dec 2010 | 7.2 ppb |
Lead comes from pipes and fixtures, not the source water, so it varies home to home. The 90th percentile means 9 in 10 sampled homes were at or below it. More on lead.
Violations
2 unresolved monitoring or reporting violations: Consumer Confidence Rule.
Health-based violations mean a contaminant exceeded a limit or a required treatment step was missed. Monitoring and reporting violations mean required tests or reports were late or missing, so the water's quality during that time is unknown. The total includes every violation in EPA's records, most of them paperwork.
Earlier EPA testing (2013–2020)
| Contaminant | Highest | Guideline |
|---|---|---|
| Manganese | 49.9 ppb | 300 ppb |
| Strontium | 0.18 ppm | 1.5 ppm |
| Chlorate | 452 ppb | 210 ppb |
| Chromium-6 | 0.047 ppb | – |
Where it serves
Rio Grande
ZIP codes the system reported serving: 45614, 45620, 45623, 45631, 45640, 45656, 45658, 45674, 45678, 45685, 45686, 45688, 45760, 45775
Nearby utilities
- Gallipolis Public Water System Gallipolis · 11 mi · PFAS above limit
- Marietta City Public Water System Marietta · 63 mi · PFAS above limit
- Caldwell Village Public Water System Caldwell · 76 mi · PFAS above limit
- Columbus Public Water System Columbus · 83 mi
- City of Cambridge Cambridge · 90 mi · PFAS above limit
- Bethel Village Public Water System Bethel · 92 mi · PFAS above limit
Questions
Is Gallia County Rural Water Association water safe to drink?
Gallia County Rural Water Association has no health-based violations since 2016. EPA testing found PFAS above the 2024 federal limits, which systems must meet by 2029. Federal data can't tell you about your own pipes: lead comes from service lines and plumbing, so test your tap if your home was built before 1986. For the official word, read the utility's annual Consumer Confidence Report.
Does Gallia County Rural Water Association water have PFAS?
Yes. EPA's 2023–2025 testing of Gallia County Rural Water Association found 1 PFAS at least once. The highest entry-point averages were above the federal limit for PFOA: PFOA 7.5 ppt (limit 4 ppt for PFOA and PFOS, 10 ppt for the others).
What is the lead level in Gallia County Rural Water Association water?
The most recent 90th-percentile lead result for Gallia County Rural Water Association is 1.8 ppb, for the period ending Dec 2025. The federal action level is 15 ppb, falling to 10 ppb in November 2027. The 90th percentile means 9 in 10 homes sampled were at or below this number. Individual homes can be higher.
Check these numbers yourself
Every figure on this page comes from public EPA records. You don't have to take our word for it:
- EPA's own report for OH2700012: violations, enforcement and inspections, straight from EPA.
- EPA UCMR 5 data: the PFAS and lithium results (search the file for PWSID OH2700012).
- EPA SDWIS download: the lead results, population and violation records we use.
- The utility's annual water quality report (Consumer Confidence Report): ask Gallia County Rural Water Association at (740) 446-9221, or see EPA's guide to finding it.
Found something that doesn't match? Tell us and we'll check it against EPA's records. How we check our data.
Source: U.S. EPA drinking water records and PFAS testing (UCMR 5). How we read the data.