Pewaukee City Water and Sewer Utility water quality
Pewaukee, WI · serves 8,671 people (3,211 connections) · Groundwater · Local government · EPA ID WI2680214
Data: U.S. EPA · How we read the data · How we check it
Summary
PFAS above the 2024 federal limits. Systems have until 2029 to meet the PFAS limits.
Is it an emergency? No: PFAS limits are about years of exposure, not a glass of water, and nothing in EPA's data calls for you to stop drinking the water today. If your utility ever issues a boil-water or do-not-drink notice, follow it.
- PFAS
- Above limitPFOA, PFOS, PFHxS, the PFAS Hazard Index above the federal limit in EPA's 2023–2025 testing (PFOA 4.25 ppt vs a limit of 4 ppt, PFOS 6 ppt vs a limit of 4 ppt, PFHxS 34.5 ppt vs a limit of 10 ppt, where ppt = parts per trillion).
- Lead
- Below action level2.6 ppb (parts per billion) at the 90th percentile: 9 in 10 homes sampled were at or below it. Action level 15 ppb, falling to 10 ppb in Nov 2027. Monitoring period ending Sep 2023. Your home's pipes can make yours higher.
- Violations
- Resolved18 health-based violations since 2016, most recently Apr 2026.
- Pregnant, or mixing baby formula with tap water? Babies drink more water for their size, so PFAS exposure matters more for them. Consider bottled water or a filter certified for PFAS for formula, and ask your doctor. Health effects.
- To lower your PFAS exposure now, a home filter certified for PFAS reduction works (reverse osmosis, or activated carbon certified to NSF/ANSI 53 or 58). Filters for these results.
- Built before 1986, or not sure what your service line is made of? Check your service line and test your tap. Utility data can't show your pipes.
- Tested your own tap? Compare your result with these numbers. Moving? Compare this system with another.
- Read Pewaukee City Water and Sewer Utility's annual water quality report (Consumer Confidence Report). It lists every regulated contaminant tested and is usually on the utility's website or mailed with your bill. EPA: how to find it.
PFAS (“forever chemicals”)
EPA UCMR 5: 8 entry points tested Jun 2024 to Dec 2024. "Average" is the highest entry-point average (non-detects counted as zero), the way EPA compares UCMR 5 results to the limits. ppt = parts per trillion. These results do not determine compliance.
| Contaminant | Highest average |
|---|---|
| PFOA Above limit Limit 4 ppt | 4.25 ppt 1.06× the limit |
| PFOS Above limit Limit 4 ppt | 6 ppt 1.5× the limit |
| PFHxS Above limit Limit 10 ppt | 34.5 ppt 3.45× the limit |
| PFNA Not detected Limit 10 ppt | – |
| HFPO-DA (GenX) Not detected Limit 10 ppt | – |
| Hazard Index (a combined score for PFHxS, PFNA, GenX and PFBS, where above 1 is over the limit) Above limit Limit 1 | 3.46 |
| PFBS Detected, below limit Guideline 2,000 ppt | 13.5 ppt |
| PFBA Detected, below limit Guideline 6,000 ppt | 6.5 ppt |
| PFHxA Detected, below limit Guideline 3,000 ppt | 20 ppt |
| PFPeA Detected, no limit | 12 ppt |
| PFHpA Detected, no limit | 4 ppt |
| PFPeS Detected, no limit | 10.5 ppt |
| 6:2 FTS Detected, no limit | 17.5 ppt |
For context: the PFOA average is higher than at 93% of the Wisconsin systems EPA tested, the PFOS average is higher than at 96% of the Wisconsin systems EPA tested and the PFHxS average is higher than at 98% of the Wisconsin systems EPA tested.
29 PFAS tested, 10 detected at least once. "Not detected" means below EPA's reporting limit (about 2 to 20 ppt depending on the chemical), not proven zero. PFAS not listed were not detected. The limits for PFHxS, PFNA, GenX and the Hazard Index were proposed for rescission in May 2026. That proposal is not final. Systems have until 2029 to meet the limits.
Lithium
Detected in 4 of 16 samples. Highest result 11 ppb. EPA's non-enforceable screening level is 10 ppb. Below screening level The screening level is how EPA decides what to study further, not a health limit. There is no federal limit for lithium and no filter is certified to remove it. About lithium.
Lead and copper
Latest 90th percentile: 2.6 ppb lead (Jun 2023 – Sep 2023). Below action level
Highest since 2016: 4 ppb (Sep 2017).
| Monitoring period | Lead (90th pct.) |
|---|---|
| Jun 2023 – Sep 2023 | 2.6 ppb |
| Jul 2020 – Oct 2020 | 3.3 ppb |
| Jun 2017 – Sep 2017 | 4 ppb |
Earlier results (9)
| Jun 2014 – Sep 2014 | 6.4 ppb |
| Jun 2011 – Sep 2011 | 5.2 ppb |
| Jan 2008 – Dec 2008 | 2.5 ppb |
| Jan 2005 – Dec 2005 | 2.7 ppb |
| Jan 2002 – Dec 2002 | 3.1 ppb |
| Jul 1999 – Dec 1999 | 9.5 ppb |
| Jul 1996 – Dec 1996 | 2 ppb |
| Jul 1995 – Dec 1995 | 5 ppb |
| Jul 1994 – Dec 1994 | 8 ppb |
Lead comes from pipes and fixtures, not the source water, so it varies home to home. The 90th percentile means 9 in 10 sampled homes were at or below it. More on lead.
Violations
| When | What happened |
|---|---|
| Oct 2023 – Apr 2026 11 times | The running annual average for Gross Alpha, Excl. Radon and U was above the legal limit. EPA record: Gross Alpha, Excl. Radon and U · Maximum Contaminant Level Violation, Average · measured 19.5 pci/l (limit 15 pCi/L) Archived |
| Jul 2019 | The running annual average for Combined Radium (-226 and -228) was above the legal limit. EPA record: Combined Radium (-226 and -228) · Maximum Contaminant Level Violation, Average · measured 5.75 pci/l (limit 5 pCi/L) Archived |
| Jan 2017 – Apr 2018 6 times | The running annual average for Combined Radium (-226 and -228) was above the legal limit. EPA record: Combined Radium (-226 and -228) · Maximum Contaminant Level Violation, Average · measured 5.61 pci/l (limit 5 pCi/L) Resolved |
2 unresolved monitoring or reporting violations: Public Notice.
Health-based violations mean a contaminant exceeded a limit or a required treatment step was missed. Monitoring and reporting violations mean required tests or reports were late or missing, so the water's quality during that time is unknown. The total includes every violation in EPA's records, most of them paperwork.
Where it serves
Pewaukee
ZIP codes the system reported serving: 53072, 53186, 53187, 53188
Nearby utilities
- Waukesha Water Utility Waukesha · 4 mi
- West Allis Waterworks West Allis · 12 mi
- Milwaukee Waterworks Milwaukee · 14 mi
- Hartford Waterworks Hartford · 19 mi · PFAS above limit
- Palmyra Waterworks Palmyra · 22 mi · PFAS above limit
- Saukville Waterworks Saukville · 28 mi · PFAS above limit
Questions
Is Pewaukee City Water and Sewer Utility water safe to drink?
Pewaukee City Water and Sewer Utility had 18 health-based violations since 2016, all since resolved. EPA testing found PFAS above the 2024 federal limits, which systems must meet by 2029. Federal data can't tell you about your own pipes: lead comes from service lines and plumbing, so test your tap if your home was built before 1986. For the official word, read the utility's annual Consumer Confidence Report.
Does Pewaukee City Water and Sewer Utility water have PFAS?
Yes. EPA's 2023–2025 testing of Pewaukee City Water and Sewer Utility found 10 PFAS at least once. The highest entry-point averages were above the federal limit for PFOA and PFOS and PFHxS: PFOA 4.25 ppt, PFOS 6 ppt, PFHxS 34.5 ppt (limit 4 ppt for PFOA and PFOS, 10 ppt for the others).
What is the lead level in Pewaukee City Water and Sewer Utility water?
The most recent 90th-percentile lead result for Pewaukee City Water and Sewer Utility is 2.6 ppb, for the period ending Sep 2023. The federal action level is 15 ppb, falling to 10 ppb in November 2027. The 90th percentile means 9 in 10 homes sampled were at or below this number. Individual homes can be higher.
Check these numbers yourself
Every figure on this page comes from public EPA records. You don't have to take our word for it:
- EPA's own report for WI2680214: violations, enforcement and inspections, straight from EPA.
- EPA UCMR 5 data: the PFAS and lithium results (search the file for PWSID WI2680214).
- EPA SDWIS download: the lead results, population and violation records we use.
- The utility's annual water quality report (Consumer Confidence Report): ask Pewaukee City Water and Sewer Utility, or see EPA's guide to finding it.
Found something that doesn't match? Tell us and we'll check it against EPA's records. How we check our data.
Source: U.S. EPA drinking water records and PFAS testing (UCMR 5). How we read the data.